Persistence of an intact endometrial matrix and vessels structure in women exposed to VA-2914, a selective progesterone receptor modulator.

BACKGROUND VA-2914 is a selective progesterone receptor modulator with potential contraceptive activity that induces amenorrhea, whereas progestins cause endometrial spotting and bleeding. This abnormal bleeding due to progestins is a consequence of focal stromal proteolysis by an increase in naked vessel size and density. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to quantify the effects of VA-2914 on endometrial vascularization, fibrillar matrix, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression in endometrial biopsies from 41 women before and after 12 wk daily treatment with a placebo, or 2.5, 5, or 10 mg VA-2914. METHODS Collagen fibrillar network was stained by silver impregnation. Vessel area, density, and structure were quantified with a computer-assisted image analysis system after double immunostaining using an anti-von Willebrand factor (endothelial cells) and an anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (vascular smooth muscle cells) marker antibody. VEGF-A mRNAs were quantified by RT-PCR and localized by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The endometrial vessels, collagen network, and mRNA levels of VEGF-A were identical during the luteal phase at baseline and in VA-2914 treated women. VEGF-A distribution was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS VA-2914 does not alter the endometrial matrix and cells, and does not modify the endometrial vessel morphology as compared with baseline biopsies.